![]() ![]() ![]() Guidelines for Estimating Cost and Water Savings Estimate leaks based on the size of the hole and the water pressure (see Leak Water Loss Guide below), or measure directly using a bucket and stop watch.Reverse osmosis reject streams can be used as cooling tower makeup if the water is softened prior to the reverse osmosis system Reject flow can be higher than the indicated range.Reject stream generally ranges from 10 to 50% of the feed to the system depending on the salinity and the desired purity.Wastewater Streams from Water Treatment Operations Inspect the irrigation system during operation to determine if there are leaks from broken sprinkler heads and from water distribution lines.Number of sprinkler heads x the flow capacity per head (e.g., 2.5 gpm x the duration of water application).Savings of 25-35 percent in this domestic usage are readily achievable.20-35 gallons per employee per day for domestic demands (not including kitchens) in commercial/industrial settings.A higher value is used where there are toilets, showers, and full kitchen services (that is, food preparation and dish washing) The lower value is used where there are just toilets.10–25 gallons per person per shift in industrial settings.We also help municipalities find funding to construct WWTPs in their communities. That is why we go beyond consulting on design, construction and operations. We know municipalities face funding gaps when building or upgrading wastewater infrastructure. No matter how carefully you plan the costs, wastewater treatment infrastructure is a major investment. Similarly, we suggest specific technologies and treatment methods, such as integrated fixed-film activated sludge or mechanical primary filtration, which can lower costs and increase energy efficiency. Municipal leaders can then deliberate and decide the best option. Fehr Graham will provide detailed information about phosphorus removal options, including the effect on ratepayers. Enhanced biological phosphorus removal is capital-intensive while chemical phosphorus removal has higher operations costs. Then, community leaders can decide what's right for themselves.įor example, a community with high phosphorus levels has several options. The Fehr Graham team provides valuable data and insights to help them understand all alternatives associated with WWTP design and construction. When it comes to a community's economic situation and budget, municipal leaders know best. Gathering data to help municipalities make informed decisions.After construction, our on-site operations team helps municipalities keep day-to-day operations cost-effective. When design teams understand operational demands, they can simplify plans and eliminate nonfunctional infrastructure from the design. Communication between the design and operations teams ensures we build everything you need - and nothing you don't. Integrating design and operations teams.This expertise, along with a proactive approach, has helped municipal leaders understand their options and reduce wastewater treatment plant construction costs by: Whether balancing operational and capital costs, solving tricky sequencing problems or finding cost-efficient ways to meet effluent standards, partnering with a trusted team of wastewater engineers can help municipal leaders make the right decision for their communities.Īt Fehr Graham, our team has decades of experience evaluating, planning and designing wastewater treatment solutions for communities across the U.S. The average cost of WWTP construction varies depending on the time of year and the economic conditions at the bid time. ![]() However, maintaining automated plants requires maintenance staff with specialized skills to handle equipment downtimes. An automated plant requires a large upfront investment but can operate with less staff. In addition, some treatment processes require expensive equipment but have lower operational overhead.Īutomation introduces major trade-offs between capital and operations costs. For example, fiber-reinforced plastic tanks will cost more than concrete but can better handle industrial effluent with wide pH ranges. Often, effluent type and quality influence this choice. However, a municipality has the flexibility to prioritize upfront capital costs over ongoing operations and maintenance, or vice versa. Some WWTP construction costs, such as building tanks and other bare-bones requirements, are fixed. Transportation of sludges for final disposal.Operations and maintenance costs include: Treatment units and equipment, such as:.Municipal leaders need to consider the two broad categories of costs associated with WWTPs. The decision-making process for constructing a treatment plant is not straightforward. ![]()
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